Introduction to Accounting and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prologue to Accounting and Finance - Essay Example A blending, filling, and naming machine would cost me 45.000 pounds to buy and introduce and I would need to put 20.000 pounds in promoting. Beginning load of provisions would cost 6.000 pounds and I would need to utilize two laborers at 2.000 pounds/month each to cover two movements with the machine. My gross pay is set at 4.000 pounds every month as I will be answerable for the executives and deals. We would begin working promptly to set things up so our pay, bookkeeper, and lease would incorporate two extra months, i.e January through August in 2011 rather than six, while different expenses and incomes are determined based on a half year. I would need to pay bookkeeper 200 pounds every month and that incorporates end year money related and charge articulations. Minor Costs Statements Our minimal costs are variable expenses of provisions and promoting costs for selling extra items. The equation is Cost per extra container = variable expenses (or for our situation expenses of provis ions for a container) yet in actuality we can't buy supplies in such little amounts so augmentations ought to be set per 100 container bundle. Our negligible expenses per unit between foreseen 15.000 unit deals and greatest limit of 20.000 units are 50 pennies for every container or 2.500 pounds every month. ... Amounts over 20.000 units every month would most likely cost more to make than amounts around 15.000 as I plan. On the off chance that we had the option to sell 20.000 units every month for example 5.000 more than we foreseen, and there would be no bottlenecks underway, we would get extra salary of 10.000 pounds every month that would cost just 2.500 pounds every month. Our pretax benefits would ascend for 90.000 pounds a year. 3) Breakeven Point Breakeven point is a degree of deals where incomes equivalent costs. To compute this point we need to partition our fixed expenses on enough units. Equation is Breakeven Production = Fixed Costs/(Selling Price †Variable Costs) Breakeven Production = 13.200 L every month/1,5L per unit = 8.800 units every month For our situation everything with the exception of provisions speak to fixed expenses. Our lease is set paying little mind to the items we make and sell, we need to pay compensations paying little heed to creation and deals, we nee d to pay the bookkeeper, promoting, and amortization and different is totally confined from deals we make. The main genuine variable expense of delivering extra unit is in this manner the expense of provisions. From the chart beneath we can see that we foresee to reach Breakeven point in second month of creation and by fourth month we plan to arrive at our business focus on that will stay consistent until and on the off chance that we choose to include capital venture and work. 4) Proformance Financial Reports a) Proforma Cash Budget Proforma Cash Budget January February March April May June July August September November December Inflows 50,000 20,000 32,455 60,221 15,822 13,122 9,122 4,233 2,445 2,124 3,600 Investment for 40% stake in the organization 4,300 10,324 9,800 5,787 6,458 5,457 9,500 3,100 1,200 2,457 3,000 Net Sales 12,122 12,000 12,800 14,500 10,300 8,000 16,000

Research Prospectu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Prospectu - Essay Example As indicated by a report by buyer examiners Nielsen, 47% of the world’s long range interpersonal communication is being done through the cell phones (State of the Media, 2). The ongoing report on facebook use showed that 250 million of facebook clients are getting to the interpersonal organization site through cell phones, and they were seen as more dynamic than the non-portable clients. The informal communication pattern has expanded particularly over the most recent 5 years; with each 4 out of 5 dynamic web clients visiting interpersonal organization locales (State of the Media, 3).The person to person communication applications were seen as the third most utilized applications among the USA advanced mobile phone clients. This progress of the cell phone use from the underlying correspondence to the Mobile long range interpersonal communication pattern has evoked a ton of intrigue, particularly with respect to the connection between the online life and cell phones that has se en this exponential development in Mobile person to person communication. The reason for this examination is to research the negative ramifications of the development of cell phone use for long range interpersonal communication. Writing survey Mobile telephones and the online networking have changed correspondence on the planet. ... Measurements further show that 47% of the internet browsers visit the interpersonal interaction locales, and 62% of all clients with informal organization accounts are associated with texting and talking with their companions, relations and even outsiders they meet on the informal organizations (Killackey, Anda, Gibbs, Alvarez-Jimenez, Thompson, Sun, and Baksheev, 2011). The ramifications of these insights is to make an impression on the general public that; should the web or the online networking stages breakdown one day, at that point, the world would have progressively bothered individuals, than would be brought about by some other catastrophe. The adjustment in the web based life pattern can be represented by the advancement of the portable innovation, with the focal point of the versatile designers and other working framework programming makes concentrating on the creation of cell phones and programming that are good with the informal communication highlights (Tsai, Han, Xu and Chua, 2009). Web-based social networking promoting is one more idea that has emerged, taking into account that it is presently feasible for various individuals to get to the informal communities from anyplace and whenever, rather than when people were restricted to getting to interpersonal organizations through the PCs (Mills, Egglestone, Rashid, and Vaataja, 2012). An investigation distributed in regards to the examination of utilization highlights use for the advanced mobile phone demonstrated that 43% of the proprietors of the PDAs have occupied with games applications use, while 26% of the proprietors are utilizing the long range informal communication applications (Pachler, Ranieri, Manca and Cook, 2012). This basically shows the development of versatile long range informal communication is high, contrasted with some other portable application, since the games applications

Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join Today

Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join Today Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join Today Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join TodayYou can comb through Google search results all you like looking for the perfect answer to your financial query, but sometimes it’s better to just ask another person. And if there’s no one in your life who has the answers, no worries, you can just join a personal finance forum online and ask the people there! Plus, who knows, you might end up having the perfect answer to someone else’s personal finance question.If you’re looking for an online personal finance forum, here are six that can’t be beaten.Get Rich Slowly ForumIf you need some classic personal finance advice or inspiration, then check out the Get Rich Slowly Forum (@getrichslowly). You’ll find general discussions about finance, success stories, and even a personal development section focusing on self-improvement and success strategies for everyday life. myFICO ForumThe myFICO Forum (@myfico) is a great resource for anyone looking for information about credit scores , or anything else personal finance-related. This forum covers a wide range of topics from mortgages and auto loans to rebuilding your credit and advice on bankruptcy. And if you don’t find what you’re looking for, check out the myFICO blog! BiggerPockets ForumThe The BiggerPockets Forum (@BiggerPockets) has over 12,000 posts and over 1,000 discussions about all things personal finance. According to BiggerPockets, “The personal finance forum is for the discussion of issues revolving around personal finance, including other non-real estate investments such as stocks, budgeting, credit, bankruptcy, saving, and retirement.”YNAB ForumIf you’re familiar with YNAB (@ynab), then you know that it stands for You Need A Budget, and it’s a popular budgeting tool used by many. What you may not know is that they also have a great forum to help answer any questions you might have about budgeting and finance!Bogleheads ForumFor anyone looking to learn a little bit more about investing, the Bogleheads Forum may be for you. Based on the teachings of Vanguard founder John Bogle, topics are geared toward teaching investing strategies and concepts, but they also offer a forum for general personal finance questions as well. If you’re new to investing, or even just considering getting started, check out the Bogleheads Forum.FatWallet ForumThe FatWallet Forum (@fatwallet) covers a multitude of topics. Basically, if it has anything to do with money or affects your wallet, you’ll probably get an answer in the FatWallet Forum. You’ll find advice on what credit card to get, the best mortgage rates from reputable lenders, and good 401k plans.What personal finance forums do you use? You can send us an email by clicking here or you can let us know on Twitter at @OppLoans!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIN

Athletes Should Use Performance Enhancing Drugs - 941 Words

Would you like be a star athlete on any team of your choosing? Therefore, this is one of the reasons why I think steroids should be able to be used for anything of the professional athletes choosing.. Due to the amount of people using performance enhancing drugs in pro sports today, most people when they hear â€Å"Steroids† they think of huge men or women with big bulging muscles. Steroids have been used throughout sports in every way in almost every sport. I think that the professional athletes that use performance enhancing drugs should be able to use them since they are getting paid a substantial amount of money to play a sport. Therefore I think that the use of steroids shouldn’t be used by regular people, that isn’t a professional athlete. Although many people would say that using steroids was used in order to get: bigger, faster, stronger, and also recover faster from a workout. So this would be very beneficial for a professional athletes that is looking to get stronger, or even to recover from a hard workout in the gym. Even though this might be very exciting to tell a person that would like all of these benefits, but also standard people shouldn’t be able to use performance enhancing drugs. On the contrary, if the person is getting paid millions of dollars then they should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. Likewise, performance enhancing drugs should be illegal for anyone that isn’t a professional athlete. Although a lot of people would say â€Å" using steroidsShow MoreRelatedShould Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs?935 Words   |  4 Pages PED users in sports Everyone wants to win and everyone loves a winner. Athletes are a competitive group and if you are good enough to get into professional sports, you can achieve fame and fortune would you cheat to accomplish? This is the question that many athletes have to answer? What do I mean by cheating? I mean the use of performance enhancing drugs. How many records were made and broken by athletes that used these enhancements. â€Å"According to Marvin Olasky â€Å"Baseball needs to putRead MoreShould Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs Help Push Themselves Farther Than Their Natural Limits?1047 Words   |  5 PagesHuh...What makes steroids more controversial than Vitamin C? After all, it’s common knowledge that the abuse of pretty much anything can come with some pretty severe adverse effects. Thesis: Today I am going to tell you why athletes should be able to use performance-enhancing drugs to push themselves farther than their natural limits. Credibility: I feel as if I’m credible to speak on the topic because a good friend of mine provided a very fact driven argument on the topic when I ragged on him forRead MoreSports Enhancing Drugs Is Great for sports: Personal Opinion Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie was great; it had one of the worlds best athletes in it Michal Jordan. He is known as one of the greatest basketball players ever to play the game. Space jam can show how an extra boost can improve players’ game play to the next level. Athletes should be able to use sports enhancing drugs to boost performance for better play and fan entertainment. Think of a world where athletes are stronger, faster and more physical then today normal athletes. This would be great for fans that enjoy entertainmentRead MoreSay No to Doping!1042 Words   |  4 Pagesfailed the drug test (Cashmore) . Ellis Cashmore, a professor of culture, media, and sports at Staffordshire University in the United Kingdom, through his article, â€Å"Making Sense of Sports† , came up with an argument that drug should be allowed in sports. In the article, he effectively countered the argument of some people out there that taking drug will lead to the unfair competition. As we are from the generation who are never bored of seeking the best in human ability, the usage of drug is crucialRead MoreThe Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Popularly Known As Doping1805 Words   |  8 Pagesissue in sport particularly athletics is the use of perf ormance enhancing drugs popularly known as doping. Spectacular doping cases have risen in the sporting arena that has caused unexpected situations and annoyed the public who are the fans. People have limited knowledge regarding doping though it is an ancient time issue. As a result, some people believe that all professional athletes have always been doped to achieve the standards of good performance and even compete and win in most of the greatRead MoreGene Doping Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesGene Doping is defined as using â€Å"Forbidden substances or methods to increase physical and or mental performance† (go.galegroup.com). Gene doping is banned from athletics, and very dangerous to use, mainly for the body. There are some pluses to the drug, it helps with dangerous diseases, helps people gain strength back, and also helps them become more resistant to being winded. Even though it is good for the sick, for the healthy it plays the same role but it is very dangerou s because there areRead More Review of UKSports Anti-Doping Policy Essay3361 Words   |  14 Pagesthe ban on the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport relate to the protection of the health of athletes, and the maintenance of fair competition† (Black, 1996; as cited by Waddington, 2000) The main objective of the U.K. Statement of the Anti-doping Policy stems from this. The aim is to ensure that the various governing bodies of sport in the United Kingdom have consistent and regular sets of policies and regulations in order to â€Å"protect the rights of athletes to compete drug-free† (U.K. StatementRead MoreAthletes Using Enhancement Drugs2599 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Did you ever take banned substances to enhance your cycling performance?† Lance Armstrong, seven time Tour de France winner and cycling superstar responded, â€Å"Yes† (â€Å"Lance Armstrong and Oprah Winfrey†). Lance Armstrong is just one of many professional athletes who doped to get ahead in sports. Armstrong’s guilty verdict exemplifies the efforts to punish athletes using performance-enhancing drugs. The increase in anti-doping efforts is evident. In the middle of the 20th century, a troublesomeRead MoreShould Sports Doping Be Banned?2190 Words   |  9 PagesSteroids won’t make you tough and competitive. What they will do is ruin your health. It’s that simple.† The use of prohibited substances in sports has had a major timeline. Using drugs in sports goes back to ancient times. Prohibited substances are used in almost every single sport. Doping in sports is definitely a form of cheating. The athletes who use drugs are gaining an edge over the athletes who are working hard and respecting the sport to get where they want to be and it is not fair to them. ThisRead MoreUse Of Performance Enhancing Drugs1338 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper Final Draft The Use of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports According to NPR.com, the argument over the use of performance-enhancing drugs by professional athletes has been at the center of an international ethical debate for many years (Katz). Many people argue that these drugs should be allowed, while others argue that these drugs should be banned from professional sports. Professional sports athletes should avoid the use of performance-enhancing drugs so that the integrity of sports

Argumentative Essay About Gay Adoption - 1295 Words

Corri Fairfull Discursive Essay-Gay Adoption Gay adoption is a subject which is widely debated. However over recent years gay adoption has allowed for most gay couples who want to adopt young children and give them a good quality of life, which they would have if they lived with their biological parents or a heterosexual couple, to do so. One positive view of gay adoption is that it gives the gay couple the chance to start their own family and give a child in care a new start to life in a loving home. This will allow the couple to love and care for the child just as much as they would if the child was living with their own biological parents. Gay couples who want to adopt a child will give the same loving family home just like a heterosexual couple or single parent would. For some children, living with a gay couple may be something they haven’t experienced before. However finding a family who love the child and appreciate them for who they are, also encouraging them with all aspects of their life and supporting them all the way through their life is what matters most to children. Another positive view about gay adoption is that it means a child in care will receive the opportunity to get the benefit of new parents who are going to give them the best possible life with parents who are healthy, in a stable relationship and have a good financial support system in place. Since there are many children up for adoption, gay couples often adopt children who are older as babiesShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legalized1379 Words   |  6 PagesName: Tutor: Course: Date: Gay Marriages Marriage is considered as hypothetically speaking, a rite of passage whilst from the religious point of view, it is considered as holy matrimony before a supreme being. Attraction between individuals of the same sex has been a topic of debate since time immemorial. However, over the past few years gay individuals have opted to air grievances of oppression despite receiving tremendous critics from the public. Initially, gay marriages were unfathomable eventsRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized?1313 Words   |  6 Pages– Should gay marriage be legalized? Marriage is considered to be the rite of passage from an religious point of view, it is considered as holy matrimony before the eyes of God. Attraction between individuals of the same sex has been a topic of debate. However, over the past few years gay individuals made a decision to our grievances of oppression despite receiving tremendous critics from the public. Initially, gay marriagesRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pages philosophical essays, and book excerpts, all of which will be posted on Blackboard (http://blackboard.wm.edu). Goals of the Course: By taking Contemporary Moral Issues, students will: learn how to read difficult philosophical texts and gain an understanding and appreciation of important arguments in the field; learn how to express their thoughts in writing clearly and concisely (students will have the opportunity to attain this goal through response papers, quizzes and essays); learn how toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint LostRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages372 7 MANAGING CONFLICT 373 SKILL ASSESSMENT 374 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Conflict 374 Managing Interpersonal Conflict 374 Strategies for Handling Conflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selection Factors 386 Resolving

For four years the guilt still haunted my Mum Free Essays

As we sat down for dinner or ‘tea’ as it has come to be called in our small two up-two down house, 174, Lonsdale Street, there was that same ominous feeling in the air that all too often filled me with dread and a sinking sensation in the pit of my stomach. That would set the tone for the remainder of the evening and most probably continue late on in to the night and early hours. The hunger that now eluded my whole body had earlier been forced to become a mind over matter issue as I struggled fruitlessly with my maths homework, but now, tea was ready. We will write a custom essay sample on For four years the guilt still haunted my Mum or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately though, my hunger was no more satisfied even after I had ravenously finished off every last bite of my half – yes my whole half – of the gourmet dish of Heinz beans and sausage, so expertly cooked – or rather opened from the tin – by Paul. This was another tell-tale sign of what was to come in the next few hours. As per usual, the rather bland evening meal was complemented by certain happenings in our house that even I struggled to deal with as I maybe would have done in the past. By now, we had grown used to, and even begun to accept, the fact that Dad was no longer around to bring a sense of buoyancy and a friendly, smiling face to our home and our lives. Maths homework was left unfinished and certain D.I.Y jobs, such as the burst water pipe in the small dingy bathroom at the end of the landing, were left leaking. But we all understand that life must go on and we must stay strong – if not for our sake, for Mum’s. This was something we had done very well since Dad left. Just the two of us, until she found Paul. As soon as we finished our tea, Mum set about busily clearing the table as I put the kettle on, offering Paul a drink and anxiously awaiting his most-probable violent reaction. Much to my disbelief, he simply just declined the drink, but left the kitchen hurriedly, in a similar fashion to the one in which he had entered, irritably mumbling something about Janet and how he had had to put up with this for too long now and how he is not putting up with it for much longer. With this, my thoughts and fears were confirmed and my heart pounded once again. It had been plainly obvious from the second I awoke that morning that they had been arguing the night before and it would once again be Mum who came out worse off. The atmosphere was tense all too often in our house. It was impossible to tell when things would boil over, but it was obvious that the tension was always at a light simmer, biding its time and appearing to await the perfect moment. It was for exactly this reason that I never invited any of my friends round to sleep or even to watch a film or for tea. The whole environment and aura is too aggressive, too heated for others to understand. In fact, everything that happens in our house with regards to this situation is kept to myself. Just as the kettle boiled my mind jolted back into reality and I poured water in to each of the three mugs. I heard the front door close with a bang and the letter box swung backwards and forwards, probably hanging off even more than it had before. â€Å"We shan’t be seein’ ‘im again tonight,† said Mum softly in her ever-calming voice. â€Å"He’ll be back,† I replied tentatively. â€Å"Oh, he’ll be back all right. Drunk as a skunk, no doubt.† She even said this in a subtle tone, as if she had seen it all before and was now finding the whole scenario increasingly monotonous. I decided that the best reply, was no reply. We sat in the lounge in silence. No sound apart from Matthew Kelly on Stars in their Eyes gaily welcoming some middle aged house-wife from Wales as Christina Aguilera. I glanced across at Mum, still glaring at the television intently, steel-eyed. She did not even look up, not a second thought. Nothing. Perhaps all recent happenings had hardened her to such petty behaviour†¦ When Gillian had finished her piece as Christina, I drained the remainder of my mug, said good-night to Mum and proceeded up the stairs that creaked more and more with each processional step higher, and to my bedroom. The only place of sanctity I could find. After having only a wash due to the broken shower, I wearily clambered into bed and took out my football magazine from my bedside drawer. The last thing I remembered before dozing off to sleep was groggily reading an article about the demise of Spain on the World stage. The lines upon lines of text slowly transformed into horizontal lines in my mind and became wood, lots of wood all lined up neatly, now vertical, forming walls. Fence panels. My eyes came into focus as I gazed around what slowly materialized into a beautiful open space, lined with borders and rockeries immediately before the mahogany slats, containing amazingly colourful trees, plants and grasses that thrived in the gorgeous weather. Now my mind caught up with my vision and I recognised the setting as our old house. It was peaceful. Perfect. Birds chirruped in the trees and a plethora of insects busily went about their duties. Bees buzzed in and out of open petals and buds all around the garden. Ladybirds landed gracefully on emerald green leaves and butterflies parading stunning spectrums of colour fluttered aimlessly in the gentle breeze. Beyond a finely pruned hedge towards the opposite end of the garden was a ray of light that glared brilliantly in my eyes. It drew me towards it with an almost hypnotic supremacy as I felt the heat of the beating sun on my neck. I stood over the pool and watched tiny insignificant creatures skate on the water’s surface, backwards and forwards with no evident purpose. Gradually, large elegant petals floated down from an overhanging tree, landing on the surface of the water charmingly. One by one they came down in to the water. At first with grace, causing minuscule disturbances on the glistening mirror-like surface, but with each descent came a larger and more portentous landing until the pool was littered with petals that gave the water a mystical purple-red glow. At once – or so it seemed – the garden was silent. Insects and birds still seemed to buzz, sing and twitter contentedly in and around the garden, but no sound. Silence. I turned back to the pool to see its emptiness. No buds, no petals, not even a single solitary blade of grass. My eye lids opened with surprising ease to focus on the blankness of the familiar surroundings. Despite my disorientation, there were recognisable sounds from beyond my immediate surroundings. It took another moment for it to make sense. Mum? There was a loud, ear piercing smash, followed by a thud then an emotional cry of pain and torment! I was right. All my thoughts and fears were so damningly correct, but what could I do? Was I to go down? My mind wavered. Could I help her, or was it not worth it? Would it only worsen the situation? Could it only worsen the situation? It did on the previous occasion. Another loud scream later, followed by a familiar bang and it was over. He was home. Her haven. She whimpered in his arms, but he was oblivious. Immensely intoxicated by drink, he had fallen backwards onto the empty bottle on the table. Well, that was our version. Who would doubt it though? Her numerous breaks and bruises were plain for all to see. For four years the guilt still haunted my Mum. And Chloe, the result of that fateful night. How to cite For four years the guilt still haunted my Mum, Papers

Prebook 15% Discount for Nurse Education Today-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePrebook 15% Discount for Nurse Education Today. Answer: The kidney disease affects nearly all aspects of the patient ranging from the medications to the nature and composition of the foods to be eaten. For instance, taking Betty's case, she stands other risks because she has comorbidities of other diseases like PVD, Type 2 Diabetes, STEMI and IHD. This means that although she has been managing to hear kidney disease well with the help of her GP, she still stands other risk factors to her health. When Betty notes that she has developed other symptoms, she is so much concerned. This is because this could affect her relationship with her family, that is her husband Alan and her daughters' family. I believe that this could also negatively affect her sexual relationship with her husband considering that she is becoming weak as other disease symptoms develop on top of the existing kidney disease. For instance, considering some of the symptoms like edema, Betty must be concerned about the sudden change in the appearance of her body. Living with a life-limiting disease like the kidney disease, alongside comorbidities of another disease like type 2 diabetes is very risky to a patient (Brinkman-Stoppelenburg et al., 2014). At this point, Betty needs to be offered end of life care because her condition is progressing in a bad manner. Since the kidney disease and the related comorbidities are lifelong, there is a need of offering her the end of life care. This is to ensure that her health is supported and that at her end of life, she will die with dignity. As a caregiver, I will administer the necessary therapeutics on the basis of her diagnosis as directed by her GP. Apart from that, I will offer her and her family supportive care to enable them to accept the situation as it is, though painful. As a nurse, I will also offer supportive care so that Betty is as comfortable as possible and that her symptoms are properly managed (Gillan et al., 2014). For instance, Betty's medication can be managed so that side effects are as minimal as possible especially bearing in mind that her kidney disease is linked to the build-up of toxins. Moreover, I will put Betty on fluid restriction so as to lower the possible retention of fluids, bearing in mind that she is already suffering from symptoms of edema. It will also be important that I explain to Betty's family concerning the nature and benefits of the end of life care will be important. As a graduate health professional, there are some strategies that I will plan to incorporate these include giving focus to physical as well as the psychological need of the patient and respecting of the patients' care choices during the end of life care. This will help in ensuring that the patient and their families are in agreement to all forms of supportive care that may be needed at this point. Finally, I will incorporate an assessment to find out whether the end of life care given to Betty or any other patients is really helpful or not, in terms of their individual satisfaction. Reference List Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J. A., van der Heide, A. (2014). The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review. Palliative medicine, 28(8), 1000-1025. Gillan, P. C., van der Riet, P. J., Jeong, S. (2014). End of life care education, past and present: A review of the literature. Nurse Education Today, 34(3), 331-342.

Last Battle Of The 20Th Centery Essays - Music, Business

Last Battle Of The 20Th Centery Call it the last battle of the twentieth century, or the first battle of the next millennium. But don't short-sell the importance of the battle raging between the music performers and big record labels. The battlefield is the Internet, and at stake is who controls the distribution of music. In the old days, the process went like this: singer to record label to distributor to retailer to media outlet (including dance clubs) to consumer. But advances in technology create what consultants call--hold your lunch, kids--a paradigm shift. Check it: artist to web site to consumer. Sure, the record label could have a say on this issue, but artists--including some of the more vocal critics of the music industry--have started distributing music through this process. The technology breakthrough is called MP3/MP4. For those of you who just said huh? here's a quick primer: Moving Picture Expert Group Audio Layer 3, or MP3, is an open format that allows Internet users to download CD-quality audio clips. MP3 is an exceptional piece of work because its nearest competitor, RealAudio, is not nearly as clear-sounding. In order to play music using MP3, you need to download an MP3 player to plug-in to your operating system. Approximately five million of these players have been downloaded. MP4 is now available, and it allows for further compression so the files can be e-mailed. MP3, MP4, and the next generation of fat-pipe ware will fundamentally change how music is distributed to the masses. In a March 1999 interview with Wired magazine, Public Enemy frontman Chuck D laid out his assault on the music industry via MP3. His record label, Def Jam, a subsidiary of Polygram, sat on the release of Bring the Noise 2000 from March 1998 until Chuck D decided to release MP3 tracks from the album on Public Enemy's web site. The suits at Polygram had a fit and demanded that the tracks be removed from the site for fear of piracy. This is why Capital Records had the Beastie Boys remove MP3 tracks from their site. You see, MP3 tracks can be duplicated and sent out. And unlike those crappy cassette tapes you might have made of your favorite CD, MP3 tracks maintain CD quality sound after duplication. The Recording Industry Association of America has announced plans for its own web-based project called the Secure Digital Music Initiative. It allows for downloads of music from a secure site that will decrease the possibility of piracy with password protection and other safety measures. Record industry executives are quick to point out that most of the MP3 files available are illegally made, depriving artists of their royalties. That's true, and no one is going to deny that piracy is an issue. But the Recording Industry Association of America's campaign to eliminate the technology smacks of selfishness: The record industry worries about losing its power. Success comes from the fans first. If someone is going to pirate something of mine, I just have to make sure to do nine or ten new things, Chuck D told Wired. Chuck D's act of defiance will eventually be seen as mighty as the Boston Tea Party, and this is what scares the music industry most. It's the redistribution of wealth for indie labels and artists. Soon you'll see a marketplace with 500,000 independent labels. The majors can co-opt all they want, but it's not going to stop the average person from getting into the game, Chuck D said. Mike Diamond, vocalist of the Beastie Boys and co-owner of Grand Royal Records, told the magazine Red Herring that the old artist-label relationship, with the artist receiving a small piece of the pie, is dying. Now, with this new technology, we'll probably see a lot more relationships where artists own everything and the labels are just fulfillment partners, Diamond said. Like Chuck D, Diamond is also less worried about the piracy issue. I don't think it's impeded us from selling records, he told Red Herring. One format doesn't really replace the other.. Small labels and artists find more freedom with MP3, but what does it mean for the consumer? According to Chuck D, it means the end of highway

Free Essays on Marketing Strategy Of Ford

Marketing Strategy of Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company was built on superior products and that still exists today. They have an exceptional line of cars and trucks, which ranges from the Model-T to today’s Ford Focus and F-Series, the best selling car and truck in the world. Their current product line up is the strongest in their history and is still getting stronger. This year they added the new Ford Explorer, Thunderbird and Expedition in North America, Ford Fiesta in Europe, the new Lincoln Blackwood and Navigator, Land Rover Freelander and Range Rover, Jaguar X-Type, Aston Martin Vanquish, Mercury Mountaineer, and the Mazda Sport Wagon. These vehicles will help distinguish them from their competition. All of their products and services benefit from their diverse family brands. They acquired the Land Rover in 2000, 1999 they acquired Volvo and Kwik-Fit, 1989 they acquired Jaguar, 1987 they acquired Aston Martin and Hertz, and in 1979 they acquired Mazda. This all lends in a hand in building strong, lasting relationships with their customers and to help their business grow. Ford believes that a major factor in their success is their role as a positive contributor to the community. They introduced this plan in early 2000, which was to improve the fuel economy of their sports utility vehicles. They also created the Ford Rouge Center, which is an environmental restoration of their historic Rouge Manufacturing Complex. This center is a showcase for environmentally friendly manufacturing processes that can be used around the world. Ford is focusing on building relationships and growing their family. They are transforming themselves into a consumer focused team. They are changing their attitudes, behaviors, and culture so they can put the consumer first. The company is learning to view their business from a customer’s perspective to dramatically improve their products and services and start new businesses. BUILDING RE... Free Essays on Marketing Strategy Of Ford Free Essays on Marketing Strategy Of Ford Marketing Strategy of Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company was built on superior products and that still exists today. They have an exceptional line of cars and trucks, which ranges from the Model-T to today’s Ford Focus and F-Series, the best selling car and truck in the world. Their current product line up is the strongest in their history and is still getting stronger. This year they added the new Ford Explorer, Thunderbird and Expedition in North America, Ford Fiesta in Europe, the new Lincoln Blackwood and Navigator, Land Rover Freelander and Range Rover, Jaguar X-Type, Aston Martin Vanquish, Mercury Mountaineer, and the Mazda Sport Wagon. These vehicles will help distinguish them from their competition. All of their products and services benefit from their diverse family brands. They acquired the Land Rover in 2000, 1999 they acquired Volvo and Kwik-Fit, 1989 they acquired Jaguar, 1987 they acquired Aston Martin and Hertz, and in 1979 they acquired Mazda. This all lends in a hand in building strong, lasting relationships with their customers and to help their business grow. Ford believes that a major factor in their success is their role as a positive contributor to the community. They introduced this plan in early 2000, which was to improve the fuel economy of their sports utility vehicles. They also created the Ford Rouge Center, which is an environmental restoration of their historic Rouge Manufacturing Complex. This center is a showcase for environmentally friendly manufacturing processes that can be used around the world. Ford is focusing on building relationships and growing their family. They are transforming themselves into a consumer focused team. They are changing their attitudes, behaviors, and culture so they can put the consumer first. The company is learning to view their business from a customer’s perspective to dramatically improve their products and services and start new businesses. BUILDING RE...

Critique of a nursing theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique of a nursing theory - Essay Example 19) to a situation where one requires assistance with the end goal of preserving and attaining a specified "health and wellness" (Johnson & Bayliss, 2005, p. 19). Given this definition, it follows that there exist theories on how such knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences should be applied to a given situation. In this vein, there would also be theories on how these factors should be gained and learned. As one of the most celebrated nurses of all time and as the person who singlehandedly popularized nurse training, which eventually led to the establishment of nursing as a new profession for women (Attewell, 1998, p. 151), Florence Nightingale and her early theories on nursing are both fascinating. Hence, I have decided to write a critique on the Florence Nightingale's Environmental Model. The environmental model, it is clear that it was a product of Florence Nightingale's meticulous observation of her career as a nurse and that of others as evidence by the Notes on Nursing (1860) she compiled. This model, together with the notes, is enough proof that the Nightingale of her uniqueness in her time. Though borne by wealthy parents, she was different. According to Mary Garofalo and Elizabeth Fee (2010), She wanted a higher calling; she wanted to work; to use her intellect, her skills, her moral passion; and to make a difference in the world. She refused to be a subordinate to a husband; she was bored with the trivial lives that upper class women led; she had her destiny to fulfill. She told her parents that she wanted to be a nurse. (p. 1588). In spite of the reactions of her parents, she persisted. She wrote that her parents were horrified. "It was as if I had said I wanted to be a kitchen-maid" (Garofalo & Fee, 2010, p. 1588). Instead of submitting to the will of her parents, she persevered and after 9 years of struggling with them, she was eventually was allowed to train. This characteristic is just one of the many that I admire in Florence Nightingale. While I was researching for this paper, I thought to myself that if I only have an ounce of her determination, then I would achieve my dreams and goals easily. The environmental model maintains that the "manipulation of physical and social factors" (Johnson & Bayliss, 2005, p. 121) can significantly affect the state of health of an individual and the probability that such individual will eventually acquire an illness. The intent of the theory therefore is to emphasize that health and wellness can be adversely affected by how one's environment is managed or mismanaged. As Johnson and Bayliss (2005) themselves admit, though this theory was developed by the Nightingale more than 150 years ago, it is still relevant and as a matter of fact has created the standard for the prevention of illnesses and the restoration of health and wellness (p. 121). Specifically, she identified several factors that are present in a patient's environment and which have large impact on health and illness. These are pure or fresh air, pure water, sufficient food supplies, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light (e.g., direct sunlight). What is interesting is that even not knowing these factors and without any knowledge of the environmental m

Oppression and Slavery Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Oppression and Slavery - Coursework Example Mental abilities of slaves are thought to be unequal to those of their white masters. What is worse, methods of dealing with them could sometimes resemble animal training ‘They are very grateful for good treatment if proper discipline and authority are kept up over them’ (The Farmers’ Register, 1837). Cruel punishments were regarded one of the most effective methods to maintain obedience ‘A powerful blacksmith named Hewes laid on the stripes. Fifty were given, during which the cries of my father might be heard a mile’ (Henson, 1877). As it is stated in the documents, slaves should be properly clothed, fed, and housed. Thus, slaves were not considered to be human beings. These were working units which required proper treatment and usage. What is more, slave-trade used to be a common thing in the Antebellum South. It could be used as an instrument of discipline which enabled slaveholders to manipulate Afro-Americans. ‘There was the fear that I mig ht be sold from those who were dear to me’, writes Lunsford Lane, a former slave (Lane, 1842). The main principle of attitude towards Afro-Americans may be summarized within the next sentence ‘the negro race is inferior to the white race’ (Fishel et al, 1976, 1970). What is more, the institution of slavery is posed as a remedy for black people. As stated by Fitzhugh, Christians are supposed to protect, support, and civilize black population. The author insists that to be a slave in the South is much better than to be a free laborer in the North. Finally, one of his statements seems to be a quintessence of cynicism and absurdity ‘The negro slaves of the South are the happiest, and, in some sense, the freest people in the world’. These words illustrate how wild and inhuman customs of the southern slaveholders were. Remarks on Overseers, and the Proper Treatment of Slaves.

Significant Market Position Toshiba Marketing Essay

Significant Market Position Toshiba Marketing Essay Toshiba is a strong and respected name in the market with a well-deserved reputation for innovation, high performance and reliability. We have represented the brand in Ireland since 1982 and, by combining our strengths with those of Toshiba, we have carved out a significant market share. Broad diversified product portfolio Toshiba is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of advanced electronic and electrical products. Its product portfolio includes information and communications equipment and systems, internet based solutions and services, electronic components and materials, power system, industrial and social infrastructure systems, and household appliances. Strong research and development Toshiba has strong commitment to research and development programs. In an average year Toshiba is awarded more than 5,000 patents, many of which find their way either directly or indirectly into our multi-functional office solutions products. Enhancement of customer satisfaction Adhering to the Toshiba Group Customer Satisfaction Policy established in 2003, we aim to enhance customer satisfaction (CS) through the provision of safe and innovative products, systems and services as well as through communication with customers. Toshiba Group Customer Satisfaction Policy We make the voice of customers the starting point for all ideas and provide products, systems and services that deliver customer satisfaction. We provide products, systems and services that are safe and reliable. We respond to requests and inquiries from customers sincerely, rapidly and appropriately. We value the voice of customers and endeavor to develop and improve products, systems and services to deliver customer satisfaction. We provide appropriate information to customers. We protect personal data provided by customers. Weaknesses High debt In fiscal 2008, Toshiba placed a high priority on recovering its drastically eroded shareholders equity. The company is now making efforts to reduce debt in order to establish a solid financial profile by March 2012. Towards this goal, the company announced a policy to constrain capital investment, particularly in the semiconductor business. Standard Poors considers Toshibas conservative financial policy to be further evidenced by the implementation of a number of planned financial activities. These include capital enhancement through an increase in common stocks and the refinancing of short-term debt by the issuance of subordinated bonds. Standard Poors will closely monitor whether the company can improve its financial indicators as planned, through the consistent reduction of fixed costs and capital investments. Lack of manpower After four months of struggle and weeks of intense negotiations, workers and management at Toshiba Consumer Products Indonesia reached a settlement: 682 workers will be reinstated, but 15 local union leaders will not get their jobs back. Over leveraged financial position Year over year, Toshiba Corporation has seen revenues fall from $80.4B to $76.6B. This along with an increase in the cost of goods sold expense has led to a reduction in the bottom line from $1.7B to $925.7M. Ubiquitiouegory, products, services Cloud services will become truly ubiquitous, omnipresent. It is the broader access to most recent content and information plus the benefit of a vast social community contributing to its discovery and consumption adding, recommending, rating and prioritizing content and information that will make cloud services an increasingly indispensable element in consumers evolving digital lifestyle. Sun Zi said: When victory is long overdue, weapons will be blunt and the morale (and motivation) of the troops will be adversely affected. In war, it is better to go for swift victories rather than engage in prolonged military campaigns. Sun Zi also said: Therefore, generals who do not thoroughly comprehend the inherent dangers of deploying troops are unlikely to understand the advantages of using troops. Opportunities Market Recently Toshiba just launch the 12 new products in the Bangladesh. Bangladesh have a large population approximately 160 million. Toshiba has working with Smart Technologies BD Limited (STBL) Bangladesh Company since last 3 years. In this 3 year, Toshiba Company found that Bangladesh market impressive increase in term of sales volume and growth. Bangladesh is developing and has high potential in market. Global expansion It can let the profit or income of the Toshiba Company to increase or growing the market value of the Toshiba Company among the world. The popularities can also increase by this way. Without affecting quality and customer service, global expansion can maximizing profitability in all areas of the Toshiba Company. For instance, by developing the new marketing strategies in those regions, it can make let Toshiba Companys loyalty customers to buy their products. Global expansion can also help to leads to leveraging of expertise. With global expansion, leveraging any know-how or expertise in overseas production is prudent. Future plans Toshiba aim to double its annual profit in three year. The worlds No.2 maker of NAND flashes chips, behind the Samsung electronics. The firm is going to shift its focus to emerge economies and growing market after the demand for television fall dramatically than expected in the previous year. Besides that, Toshiba Company also interested in making money through nuclear power, they plan to buy 20 percent of share from the U.S nuclear power company in the next January. Toshiba is going to invest about $4.3 billion dollar to build new flash memory facility, in order to catch up the leader Samsung electronics, aiming to triple its manufacture capacity. Moreover, Toshiba plan to roll out a home storage battery system that can keep the appliances running for a good part all the day long. Toshiba developed a storage battery system that makes use of the Toshiba technology for rechargeable batteries. This storage battery can work up to 12 hour. Threats Competition Being an electronic company, in this environment of course there will be a lot of competitor. For example, the competitor for the Toshiba Company likes Samsung, Apple, HP, Dell, and other company that focus electronic production. These companies have created threats for the Toshiba Company. The tablets that made by Toshiba is not really attracted by consumer, because Apple and Samsung are leading on this market products. Besides that, Toshiba main production is notebook, although this is their priority product, but a lot of competitor also produces various type of notebook. Although they made a quality, productivity and user friendly notebook, but Toshiba still behind the other competitor that leading them by brand name position on customer heart. External changes This changes is depends on the government taxes and politics in the certain country that the Toshiba company invest in. First and foremost, government taxes and politics have created a burden to all company. As taxes increase its have the same effect that the company need to cover the cost of the good that rise such as electricity and input, all company are established because their purpose is profit.

Hybrid electric vehicle Essay

What microenvironmental factors affected both the first generation and second generation models of the Toyota Prius? How well has Toyota dealt with these factors? When the Prius was introduced in the US, it was quite shocking that it became such a big hit. The US auto market had been dominated by SUV’s for quite some time, and it seemed that a car that was small, slow and lacked power wouldn’t be attractive to American consumers. The advanced technology was very attractive to the â€Å"early adopters† and the consumers were willing to pay over the asking price to get a Prius. When gas prices soared so did the demand for the Prius. Toyota has dealt with these factors well. Successfully introducing a small hybrid into a market dominated by SUV’s is no small feat. Toyota’s success with the Prius is mainly due to their targeting strategy. By targeting the perfect group of consumers, sales and demand grew exponentially, and pricing has and continues to be at a premium. 2.Outline the major macroenvironmental factors – demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural – that have affected Prius sales. How well has Toyota dealt with each of these factors? Prius sales benefited from a number of macroenvironmental factors. When the Prius was first introduced, Toyota targeted the â€Å"early adopters,† a group of consumers that were interested in the advanced technology of the vehicle. Many of these owners found creative ways to modify and hack the computer system and chatted about it online. Another group of consumers that Toyota targeted were the environmentally conscious and/or consumers that desired more fuel efficiency. Both groups showed high demand for the Prius and were willing to pay premium pricing for the vehicle. Prius sales also benefited from factors such as monetary incentives offered by the federal and/or state governments in the form of tax breaks. Some states started issuing permits to hybrid owners to drive in the High Occupancy Vehicle lanes (even if there was only one person in the car), or even free parking. Furthermore, some environmentally friendly companies offered employees money towards the purchase of hybrid vehicles. In 2007-2008 gas prices skyrocketed to 3 dollars per gallon and in some states above 4 dollars per gallon which only made the demand for the Prius greater. Studies about the various hybrid vehicles on the market were published and the Prius was at the top of the list for value. Studies indicated the Prius along with the Civic were the only hybrid vehicles that allowed consumers to recover the initial investment and actually save money after five years and 75,000 miles. Overall, Toyota has dealt with these macroenvironmetal factors very well. It is evident that targeting the right demographics has really paid off. All of these macroenvironmental factors were to Toyota’s benefit. All increased the sales and demand for the Prius. The only problem Toyota was facing was keeping up with the demand. 3.Evaluate Toyota’s marketing strategy so far. What has Toyota done well? How might it improve its strategy? Toyota’s marketing strategy has been focused on forward thinking and targeting the right consumer groups. The first consumer group targeted was â€Å"early adopters† or techies that found interest in the advanced technology of the car. This was a good strategy for the introduction of the vehicle. This group showed high demand for the Prius and spread the word through online sources. The second consumer group was the environmentally conscious, and those who wanted better fuel efficiency. Toyota predicted that gas prices would increase, and when they went through the roof, sales and demand increased. I believe that Toyota has done very well with this strategy. The truth is in their sales and demand for the Prius. An improvement that Toyota could make is better production planning. It seems that so far, this has been the biggest challenge. Though Prius sales are very strong, sales would only increase with more production as long as the demand stays consistently high. 4.GM’s marketing director for new ventures, Ken Stewart, says â€Å"If you want to get a lot of hybrids on the road, you put them in vehicles that people are buying now.† This seems to summarize the U.S. automaker’s approach to hybrids. Would you agree with Mr. Stewart? Why or why not? I agree somewhat with Mr. Stewart. I think that putting hybrids into popular cars and small SUV’s would work, but it would not work with sports cars and trucks. Sports cars and trucks are generally purchased for their power, speed, and towing ability, not their fuel efficiency. The current hybrid technology would diminish the performance of sports cars and trucks, and would eliminate most of the benefits of owning either type of vehicle. On the other hand, introducing the hybrid technology in popular cars and small SUV’s would work well if the option was available at an attractive price. Improved fuel efficiency is desirable when purchasing a car as the average price per gallon of gasoline is only rising. In my opinion, they hybrid technology would be an attractive offer. Not only would it be practical, but it would save the consumer a lot of money in the long run, assuming that they keep the car for five or more years

What is This Divinity That Surrounds Us?

Should we embrace it or fear it's intelligent design? In the poems, â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake and â€Å"Design† by Robert Frost they marvel and fear this design, ultimately leaving the reader with more questions than answers. Each poet portrays irony, figurative language, imagery, and intelligent design while trying to understand God and and his creations. Let's explore the similarities between each poets poem, first beginning with imagery. The use of this particular animal and insects provides a vivid in depth analysis. This appeals to the readers senses to help them understand what the writer is trying to convey. Blake's statement, â€Å"Burnt the fire of thine eyes†, illustrates a sense of fear of the tiger. He wants to know by whom such a creature was created. Surely God would have not created something so feared. In the third stanza Blake asks, In what distant deep or skies.† Deep in this sense we assume is being applied to the underworld. Frost states something similar to this, â€Å"What but design of darkness to appall?† The â€Å"designer† or â€Å"immortal hand† must have bad intentions because he seems to be associated with some sort of darkness. The imagery both poets left in my mind was the use of nature to illustrate there point. I could not help but to think the animals were a metaphor for humans. Some people live nice quiet lives while others are are murders and rapists. How can both sets of people come from one God who is purely full of goodness? They are seeking to see if in some way God's design is flawed; but how can that be coming from a divine being? The imagery can be seen as frightful yet beautifully realistic, and the language used to describe the animals are simplistic and powerful. There's an emphasis on the animals power but at the same time this could be seen as God's power being conveyed through this animal and insects. Ultimately, the violence and ferocity of the tiger and spider are vivid, terrifying, and has a deep, dark undertone to them.Figurative language is used by both poets as well. According to Webster's dictionary, figurative language is a language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. We see examples of this all throughout both poems. Starting with Blake's poem, it reads â€Å"Tyger! Tyger! burning bright in the forest of the night.† Here the tiger is not actually boring, it's more so used as a metaphor to demonstrate its ferociousness, or it can also be seen as the tigers appearance. The yellowness of its eyes mixed with its orange fur in the night could remind one of fire. In design the word white is mentioned several times. This is unique because white is usually associated with good and purity, yet all throughout this poem it alludes to something dark and evil. â€Å"Like a white piece of rigid satin cloth†, the spider holds up the moth as in some sort of victory it has obtained. The spider who is seen as evil has now triumphed over the moth who is viewed as good. This ties back into that design is either flawed or has a dark side to it. Another place we see an example of this in the poem is when Frost states, â€Å"On a white heal-all, holding up a moth.† After doing some research I discovered a heal-all is actually blue in appearance and is known for its medicinal use. This demonstrates irony because the spider is preparing the moth for its death on something that is meant to heal. Later on in the poem, line ten, the heal-all is now blue. â€Å"The wayside blue and innocent heal-all.† Initially the poet just describes the flower, here he proclaims its innocence, implying the flower had nothing to do with it being white. Therefore this was the work of its designer. Figurative language as well as irony is seen throughout both poems as a way to hyperbole and understand the poets outlook more vividly.Lastly, we come to intelligent design, which seems to be the overall theme of both poets. Each questions God's purpose from a Christian's viewpoint. They ask a series of questions seeking to find or understand this divine design seen in nature. To the readers dismay though, the questions go unanswered. The questions are only presented, I believe it was left up to the reader to truly seek, in a philosophical way, the answers to the questions. The real philosophical question seems to be, â€Å"Why?† Did all these events happen by chance or did a complex entity bring it all about? We get the sense from each poet that there is a higher being behind the spider and the tiger, be he deems to be far to complex for our understanding. In conclusion, I leave you with a quote from Hamlet that draws into what I feel both poets were fundamentally trying to get at. â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.† Just perhaps it is not our creator and his design who is flawed, but us from our outlook on nature that is flawed.

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